Intellectual Property Rights
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are legal rights that protect creations of the mind. These rights allow creators to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation.
Types of IPR:
1. Copyright
Protects: Literary, artistic, and musical works (books, films, music, paintings, software).
Duration: Lifetime of the author + 60 years (in India).
Example: A song, a novel, a movie script, or software code.
2. Trademark
Protects: Symbols, logos, words, phrases that distinguish goods/services.
Duration: 10 years (renewable indefinitely).
Example: Nike logo, McDonald's slogan "I'm Lovin' It".
3. Patent
Protects: Inventions and technological processes.
Duration: 20 years from the filing date.
Example: A new drug formula, a unique engine design.
4. Industrial Design
Protects: Aesthetic or ornamental aspects of an article.
Duration: 10 years (extendable by 5 years in India).
Example: Shape of a Coca-Cola bottle, a smartphone's design.
5. Geographical Indication (GI)
Protects: Products originating from a specific region with unique qualities.
Duration: 10 years (renewable).
Example: Darjeeling tea, Banarasi saree, Assam tea.
6. Trade Secret
Protects: Confidential business information giving a competitive edge.
Duration: Unlimited (as long as it's secret).
Example: Coca-Cola formula, Google's search algorithm.
7. Plant Variety Protection (PVP)
Protects: New plant varieties developed by breeders.
Duration: 15–18 years depending on the type.
Example: A new disease-resistant rice variety.
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